See the Chien's course of development,form system slightly with the classification

JIAN3 DU2 is an our country the excellent ancient cultural save a thing, sweet tower of gold sprout of reside and postpone Chien, can be said to be bright brilliant in numerous Chien s of the hat of the bright pearl, have another the sensation and the concern that the in the last years causes domestic and international academic circles.Reside to postpone region to fasten to point the black river downstream(weak water) river valley, is an ancient The Huns place name, because of the black source of river connect mountain, flow through ZHANG YI4 and face ,high set,the gold tower to renew a slice of oasis,the downstream infusion sum ensign to reside to postpone sea but get, the administrative area draws to swim to belong to the gold tower County to renew a slice now, the downstream belongs to Inner Mongolia sum ensign.
JIAN3 ZHONG whom the sweet sprout, greatly part of belong to reside to postpone Chien.Reside to postpone JIAN3 YOU3 lately old two partses to constitute, people's habit full general sprouted in 1930 of call old Chien, what 1972-1976 years sprout called new Chien.Lately old Chien has more than 30,000s totally, mostly is discover in the gold inshore shoulder water in tower County gold pass,big gulf city,ground gulf city etc. Han Dynasty ruins, these ruins of are therefore famous, September of in 1981 drive sweet province people's government assurance is the province class cultural object protection unit.January of in 1988 again were make sure by State Department for the country the house class cultural object protection unit.
Residing to postpone old Chien is ex- northwest science investigation term in 1930 from the investigation term member Swede the shell space Be residing to postpone region of the big gulf,ground gulf,break the city son etc. exhumation, have more than 10,000s totally, among them in addition to a little amount bamboo strips, greatly part of is the wood quality JIAN3 DU2. These Chiens are existing in Taiwan.
Residing to postpone new Chien is 1972-1976 years, from the sweet province museum,the wine spring cultural supervisor section in region and the region station soldiers etc. the unit consociation constitute of reside to postpone to study of ancient relics a brigade, Be breaking the city son,the shoulder water gold pass and A dike to fill the fourth etc. the exhumation acquire Chien's more than 20,000ses.Among them, the great majority is a wood Chien, the bamboo strips is very few. These Chiens are existing in the sweet province museum, having in addition and still several hundred zero spread JIAN3 DU2 to become folks.
More than 30,000s closed currently, had already discovers reside to postpone Chien is the biggest that local JIAN3 DU2 sprout, even within the scope of whole world, also is be second to none,incomparable, this not only is the most because of its quantity, more important its contents included social at that time of politics,economy,military,science and technology,cultural...etc. square aspect noodles, have very high science,history and cultural object value.
Reside to postpone its earliest annual Chien in old Chien as the too early three years(102 B.C.) most late sets up for the east for six years(30 A.D.).The looks at to reside to postpone Chien, the contents involves noodles very wide, is divided into a politics,economy,the military and science cultural synopsis slightly to say all now:
Political aspect, can understand to retire to enjoy life system and comfort the bereaved contentses, such as system and system...etc. till Han Dynasty from JIAN3 DU2.《The book 》jot down Liu's nation to call soon, then issue imperial edict a ream:"raise people's year 50 above, have already practice moral teachings, the ability is handsome and many to do good, the …… grants the wine meat by October.The month of"reside to postpone old Chien(126.41 this numerals point JIAN3 HAO4, descending together) to record to say" saves to see its house, granting meat thirty catty, the wine is two stones.Very spoil, the county district magistrate, the various is mutually, inside the history is also the advisability."Can with witness the Han Dynasty retire to enjoy life system.Have JIAN3 WEN2 again"each held the as , person kill, grant to bury money 30,000...."(297.19)can with witness the Han Dynasty comfort the bereaved the relevant provision of the system. Han Dynasty officialdom receive to pay method can also get the solution from JIAN3 WEN2:"start a dollar three years September fourth, with from be subjected to a thing to give long medium some silkses, keep some start by give a dollar for three years, the January fulfils to accumulate a month to receive in August"(509.19), this is the solid example that resided to postpone to carry to be receive with the cloth silks in Chien.
Economic aspect, the concerning the agriculture farmland jot down, occupying a greater comparison in reside postpone the Chien.Its cademic historical data value is obvious, generalizing its contents to involve the farmland organization,farm work system,the physical labor of ,the farmland camalig to carry,the farmland life,exploit a form and exploit quantity, and the farm implements,seed grow,water conservancy,cultivate,manage,collect,for the domestic sale,outside luck,food price,metered etc..For example JIAN3 WEN2"the beard bean four stones seven ".(310.2)Reside to postpone to often there is big stone,stone to jot down in Chien, this is the Han Dynasty is two kinds of to calculate a method differently, such as JIAN3 WEN2"go into the stone 12 stones is big stones seven stones two s".(148.41)" Stone three stones is big stones one stone eight s"(275.2), it is thus clear that the stone is six s of the big stone, this comprehension that contributes to us doubtless to the Han Dynasty to calculate a method.
The military aspect, reside to postpone clerk's file that the Chien's mostly northwest side of the fills the station , so have something to do with military JIAN3 DU2 can say all like that.Jot down to research according to JIAN3 WEN2, the Han Dynasty resides to postpone region, establishing for the sake of the military defense two all , then reside to postpone all the and the shoulder waters is s all.Among them the shoulder waters all the mansion is the big gulf city ruins now, all the have all the mansion, all the mansion belong to an officer to have all the ,thousand people,the department horse and other staffs, all the halt ground to call city, the officer's place calls .The city inferiority has the department horse,thousand people,camalig long etc..All the mansion the direct subordinate military organization call an officer, the officer's next class the military organization is department, the next class of the department namely , the has long , ruling over frontier guard, little three and four people, many more than 30 persons not etc., this is the most grass-roots to hope the defense organization, looking like with the card working talent of today.The frontier guard that the side fill it undergo military service of the property can is divided into ,farmland ,waterway and guard valley ,station etc..JIAN3 WEN2 in jot down of weapon, the title is numerous, the most familiar is a .
The techno-culture aspect, reside to postpone to jot down 99 forms in old Chien, such as JIAN3 WEN2"595,3824".(75.19)Reside to postpone annual Chien in the meantime, carry exergue more for day, general note the in of and the day preface of the month, this is a data doubtless to the alignment that assesses and decide to study two s and all alone.
Reside exhumation of postpone new Chien because the method discovers quantity properly and not only many, and more complete, become volume of more, in addition to collecting in the ground and the soil of a handful of wood Chiens, the great majorities all have already sprouted the directions or the layer, more valuable is include an integrity among them of with comparison integrity of the book volume is more than 70, this provided the tremendous convenience and accuracy for JIAN3 DU2's research, this more than 70 small volumes, have of sprout become volume for the , have of plait rope although keep the volume form, have of spread and fall the neighboring district can match to one volume, these Chien's most contain annual, the contents is coherent.
Reside to postpone new Chien's clerk to have already come to text and come to text to reply a text, there is the clerk's original draft, among them some still reserve label, invite such as the book,statutes,department,article; Book,hence book,early form etc., the format,form system of these clerks,receive and dispatch procedures to all have already unified provision, to study the ancient clerk file system contain important reference value.
Reside to postpone the annual that new Chien win Chien's about more than 1200s, was a day at the earliest stage, two years(99 B.C.), at the latest in order to set up for seven years(31 A.D.), with the is period is many.
Reside to postpone new Chien's contents very abundant, it not only recorded to say to reside the rise and fall of postpone activity in region, but also kept the west the middle to the important cultural heritage data of the east 汉 early year, these clerks involved at that time of politics,economy,military and culture,science and technology,philosophies,race etc. realm.Such as JIAN3 CE4 《fill up the war signal article invite 》total 17, that volume to research Han Dynasty of the system of and side fill defense system, is a very important data.This small volume is reside to postpone all to govern a bottom of A dike,thirty wells,the norths three fill to face an enemy to report to the police,the raise a war signal and enter to guard to act in cooperation,request to assist of the defend regulation.The regulation provision, under various circumstances such as different part,number,time,intention,trend and the weather variety abnormality etc. that The Huns person invade, each category,quantity,way that fills the to raise a war signal,how deliver should with, occurrence the error how rectify again etc..Again such as JIAN3 CE4 《the gentleman of the responsibility boon matter 》total 36 is an integrity of litigation file.That volume not only clarified a Han Dynasty to cure the concrete contents of the jail system and the format and litigation procedure etc. of the litigation .JIAN3 CE4 《the sweet dew two years imperial censor book 》, is the west investigate wide WANG2 LIU2 XU's group scheme of the son of the to usurp throne an activity of imperial censor book, the contents mainly is a to revolt the document that escaped convict releases toward the whole country.The data that resides to postpone the reflection in new Chien to melt to manage the river west concerning the is also not a few, can know the melt to be allowing the river west according to sprouting Chien comprehensive analysis five the county great commander soldier period, Be residing to postpone point ground in region various military installation that keeps and strengthens since the west , keep the stability and safety of the river west region thus.Such as 《set up to reside to postpone for three years all the to receive 》volume, that volume jotted down to melt to allow the river west five the county great commander soldier period, distribute of reside and postpone the officialdom receive a clerk, carry"reside to postpone all , receive a valley 60 stones for month", "reside to postpone all the , receive a valley thirty stones for month" in the text, "reside to postpone a ream, receive a valley thirty stones for month" etc. contents. Reside to postpone Chien in regard to its quality, can is divided into a bamboo,wood two type, the bamboo quality calls it is Chien, wooden is a , all call it as Chien generally.The comparison have of the bamboo quality is very tiny, not to 1%, the bamboo strips sprout, general keep out of fix, not only handwriting several s is not pure, and mostly for JIAN3 DUAN4 JIAN3, contrary, wood Chien keep a circumstance better, possibility because of here of the natural condition and environment be advantageous to the wood Chien's conservancy, according to sprout of wood Chien's timber authenticate, there is loose ,white poplar,water,red LIU3 DENG3.
Reside to postpone the Chien's manufacturing process and method, according to study of ancient relics analysis, there is the division of labour system Chien's manpower in the frontier guard, is the creation that goes to each to let to have specialty asunder generally, so the length,breadth is narrow,the degree of thickness is each difference. Chien, who sprout, the size grow 88.2 the rices most , the most short only 3.8 rices.The most is a letter of correspondence,(Han Dynasty one Chinese foot equal to 23.3 the rices) the length is 22.5 the rices to 23.5 the rice so a scope inside, this is in order to making Chien's length at that time impossibly norm very, this should belong to letter of correspondence.According to jot down, wood the wisps of Chien's original material and plait Chien all according to the quality theory price, pay to purchase, the wood ,the book rope is save in the more after make into, if have a demand, can register to receive.Residing to postpone the Chien's manufacturing process and method is first original material is the wood slice, then solve for the , take in to pare away, observe to sprout a wood Chien, it is thus clear that its top and bottom both ends whets a little bit again after saw together even, if saw do not pare away with the knife again together, pare clear it is thus clear that, the wood Chien's both sides, smooth and neat, the sharp angle is clear, the wood Chien's cross section is a positive Cape rectangular.The wood quality use is better, very few , disappear the wood knot, although through 2,000 years, wood Chien is a still.The wood Chien's surface didn't see special liquid TU2 RAN3 soak trace, but pared away misprint the modification trace, then very obvious, is observe with on the side particularly, more for show .
JIAN3 DU2's plait has three types of method mostly, a kind of is in a side of Chien, is 6-7.5 the rices apart from the top, engrave to have 13 small of the Cape forms to fix the plait rope, make it shed off not easily or the top and bottom move, another a type of is use the diameter as 1-1.5 the rices of the thin wood, from the top on splitting to two add to fix slightly whole, positive light, whet even, in carry a point 0.7-1.6 the rices or so two sideses to engrave with the triangle , bolt with the hemp cordage, knot to button up by live, easy to hang.Still have a kind of is in the top to get down 1-3 the rices to wear one eyelet in the center, bolt again up the hemp cordage, easy to hang.
Chien who resides to postpone to sprout depends on it to call from the book title, having ,check,plank,Chien,two lines of, ,volume,sign,spread,lead,pare dress etc. classification.The is a book,customs clearance text etc. namely.The check is a kind of book office form, can also is divided in to add to seal mire to print the with do not add to seal mire to print but only is the artifacts clerk's headline.Such as"the A dike officer the hair ".(that check top medium next three printed )
Plank:Be a top and bottom, two planks match mutually, easy to keep secret to seal to check of important and close clerk, this is the actually ancient book letter letter.The this Chien's general length is or so for 23 the rices, is a Han Dynasty just is one Chinese foot, so the letter of correspondence points the letter letter to have it the origin.
Then the book, the text, length generally also about 23 the rices, belong to letter of correspondence.Important book, also have already sealed mire to print , purpose is for deliver to keep secret and cause a value.
Two:Point namely JIAN3 DU2 to compare with breadth,, can write two lines of words."Two lines of", a phrase sees in JIAN3 DU2 from the book, but cuts off for other history cultural heritages little jot down.
Volume:Namely several JIAN3 DU2 CHUAN4's plaits but become volume, all record generally a basic integrity of contents.
Sign:Then certificate as well or Chien like the pass, such as soldier's sign,can prove the marking sign and the certificate record of hold the sign Human body,origin of matter cruise whether the arrive boundary or not, certificate etc. of the warehouse,the on duty.
Reside to postpone JIAN3 AN4 the feudalism caste system the concrete reflection in the text formality in addition, have a central clerk,such as book,,make a book...etc..Clerk in place,such as mansion book,,should book,hence book etc.;If the summary record account books jots down merit and fame,play a matter,the book,food money accounts,soldier ,the etc. Chien of the contents, this Chien the quantity is more in sprout the Chien.
Usually can see some signs,the habit language with the in common use phrase in reside postpone the Chien's JIAN3 WEN2.
Reside to postpone Chien, is a national treasure and is the material wealth of the spirit, is the excellent crystallize of the race tradition culture, the rains and winds vicissitudes of life of 2,000 years, increased it as the prestige of the history witness more, a JIAN3 DU2 all the wears the brilliance of the intelligent wisdom and ability and diligence fearless of the generations now first, Be a soil to living soil long reside to postpone this land in region in thou of we, feel keenly a research and protect the glorious mission of these national treasures.We are thriving the hope and department concerned participate with scholar together, for abundant reside to postpone Chien with development academic but work hard unremittingly.